Annex P

(Clause 9.2)

SUMMARY OF DISTRICTS HAVING SUBSTANTIAL MULTI-HAZARD RISK AREAS

Table 53 Multi-Hazard Prone Districts (Annex P)

Assam Barpeta, Bongaigaon, Cachar $^{1)}$ , Darrang, Dhemaji, Dhuburi, Dibrugarh, Goalpara, Golaghat, Hailaknadi $^{1)}$ , Jorhat, Kamrup, Karbianglong, Karimganj $^{1)}$ , Kokrajhar, Lakhimpur, Morigaon, Nagaon, Nalbari, Sibsagar, Sonitpur, Tinsukia

Bihar $^{2)}$

Araria, Begusarai, Bhagalpur, Bhojpur, Darbhanga, Gopalganj, Katihar, Khagaria, Kishanganj, Madhepura, Madhubani, Munger, Muzaffarpur, Nalanda, Nawada, Paschim Champaran, Patna, Purbachamparan, Purnia, Samastipur, Saran, Saharsa, Sitamarhi, Siwan, Vaishali

Ambala, Bhiwani, Faridabad, Gurgaon, Hisar, Jind, Kurukshetra, Rohtak

Table 53 — (Concluded)

Amritsar, Bathinda, Faridkot, Firozpur, Gurdaspur, Hoshiarpur, Jalandhar, Kapurthala, Ludhiana, Patiala, Rupnagar, Sangrur

Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand $^{5)}$

Agra, Aligarh, Allahabad, Azamgarh, Bahraich, Ballia, Barabanki, Bareilly, Basti, Bijnor, Budaun, Bulandshahr, Deoria, Etah, Etawah, Faizabad, Farrukhabad, Fatehpur, Firozabad, Ghaziabad, Ghazipur, Gonda, Gorakhpur, Hardoi, Haridwar, Jaunpur, Kanpur (Dehat), Kanpur (Nagar), Kheri, Lucknow, Maharajganj, Mainpuri, Mathura, Mau, Meerut, Mirzapur, Mordabad, Muzaffarnagar, Nainital, Pilibhit, Partapgarh, Raebareli, Rampur, Saharanpur, Shahjahanpur, Siddarth Nagar, Sitapur, Sultanpur, Unnao, Varanasi

1. Districts liable to cyclonic storm but no storm surge
2. No cyclonic storm in Bihar
3. No cyclonic storm in Haryana
4. No cyclonic storm in Punjab
5. No cyclonic storm in Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand

The following list records those standards which are acceptable as ‘good practice’ and ‘accepted standards’ in the fulfillment of the requirements of the Code. The latest version of a standard shall be adopted at the time of enforcement of the Code. The standards listed may be used by the Authority for conformance with the requirements of the referred clauses in the Code.

In the following list, the number appearing in the first column within parentheses indicates the number of the reference in this Section:

IS No. Title

(1) 875 (Part 1): Code of practice for design loads (other than Earthquake) for buildings and structures: Part 1 Dead loads-unit weights of building material and stored materials (second revision)

(2) 8888 (Part 1): Guide for requirements of low income housing: Part 1 Urban area (first revision)

(3) 807 : 2006 Code of practice for design, erection and testing (structural portion) of cranes and hoists (second revision) 3177 : 1999 Code of practice for electric overhead traveling cranes and

PART 6 STRUCTURAL DESIGN — SECTION 1 LOADS, FORCES AND EFFECTS

PART 6 STRUCTURAL DESIGN — SECTION 1 LOADS, FORCES AND EFFECTS

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PART 6 STRUCTURAL DESIGN

Section 2 Soils and Foundations

BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS

• FOREWORD
• ... 3
• 1 SCOPE
• ... 5
• 2 TERMINOLOGY
• ... 5
• 3 SITE INVESTIGATION
• ... 7
• 4 CLASSIFICATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF SOILS
• ... 14
• 5 MATERIALS
• ... 14
• 6 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR FOUNDATIONS/SUBSTRUCTURES FOR BUILDINGS
• ... 14
• 7 SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS
• ... 18
• 8 DRIVEN/BORED CAST IN-SITUCONCRETE PILES
• ... 25
• 9 DRIVEN PRECAST CONCRETE PILES
• ... 29
• 10 PRECAST CONCRETE PILES IN PREBORED HOLES
• ... 32
• 11 UNDER-REAMED PILES
• ... 32
• 12 TIMBER PILES
• ... 35
• 13 OTHER FOUNDATIONS, SUBSTRUCTURES AND FOUNDATIONS FOR SPECIAL STRUCTURES
• ... 35
• 14 GROUND IMPROVEMENT
• ... 36
• ANNEX A DETERMINATION OF MODULUS OF ELASTICITY ($E_s$) AND POISSON'S RATIO ($\mu$)
• ... 37
• ANNEX B DETERMINATION OF MODULUS OF SUBGRADE REACTION
• ... 38
• ANNEX C RIGIDITY OF SUPERSTRUCTURE AND FOUNDATION
• ... 39
• ANNEX D CALCULATION OF PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION BY CONVENTIONAL METHOD
• ... 40
• ANNEX E CONTACT PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION AND MOMENTS BELOW FLEXIBLE FOUNDATION
• ... 41
• ANNEX F FLEXIBLE FOUNDATION — GENERAL CONDITION
• ... 43
• ANNEX G LOAD CARRYING CAPACITY OF PILES — STATIC ANALYSIS
• ... 44
• ANNEX H ANALYSIS OF LATERALLY LOADED PILES
• ... 48
• ANNEX J LOAD CARRYING CAPACITY OF UNDER-REAMED PILES FROM SOIL PROPERTIES
• ... 51
• ANNEX K SOIL IMPROVEMENT METHODS
• ... 52
• LIST OF STANDARDS
• ... 57

National Building Code Sectional Committee, CED 46

This Code (Part 6/Section 2) deals with the structural design aspects of foundations and mainly covers the design principles involved in different types of foundations.

This Section was published in 1970, and subsequently revised in 1983 and 2005. In the first revision, design considerations in respect of shallow foundation were modified, provisions regarding pier foundation were added and provisions regarding raft foundation and pile foundation were revised and elaborated. In the second revision, design considerations in respect of shallow foundations were again modified, method for determining depth of fixity, lateral deflection and maximum moment of laterally loaded piles were modified and reference was made to ground improvement techniques.

As a result of experience gained in implementation of 2005 version of the Code and feedback received as well as revision of standards in the field of soils and foundations, a need to revise this Section was felt. This revision has therefore been prepared to take into account these developments. The significant changes incorporated in this revision include:

a) The scope of this Section has been extended to cover design of foundations on rock.

b) Definitions of various terms have been modified as per the prevailing engineering practice and new terms have been added, particularly those relating to pile foundation and ground improvement.

c) The clause on site investigation has been completely reviewed and number of modifications have been included, such as, new methods of soil investigation have been added; depth of exploration for pile foundations has been added; new sub-clauses on vertical interval for field tests and site investigation report have been added; etc.

d) Method for assessment of liquefaction potential of a site has been included through a cross-reference to Part 6 ‘Structural Design, Section 1 Loads, Forces and Effects’ of the Code.

e) Permissible differential settlements and tilt (angular distortion) for shallow foundations in soils as given in Table 3 has been modified.

f) Procedures for calculation of bearing capacity, structural capacity, factor of safety, lateral load capacity, overloading, etc, in case of pile foundations have also been modified to bring them at par with the present practices.

g) Design parameters with respect to adhesion factor, earth pressure coefficient, modulus of subgrade reaction, etc, for design of pile foundations have also been revised to make them consistence with the outcome of modern research and construction practices.

h) Provision has been made for use of any established dynamic pile driving formulae, instead of recommending any specific formula, to control the pile driving at site, giving due consideration to limitations of various formulae.

j) Other modifications have also been incorporated in provisions relating to pile foundations to bring them in coherence with the revised Indian Standards on pile foundations.

k) A reference to spun piles, which are used in deep marshy soils where conventional pile installation beyond 50 m is difficult, has been included. However, much detail is not available in the country for the purpose of codal provisions which may be shared by the users of spun pipes in the country based on their experience in use of these piles, for formulation of guidelines thereon.

m) The clause on ground improvement techniques has been elaborated and a table on summary of soil improvement methods has been added.

For detailed information regarding structural analysis and soil mechanics aspects of individual foundations, reference should be made to standard textbooks and available literature.

PART 6 STRUCTURAL DESIGN — SECTION 2 SOILS AND FOUNDATIONS

The information contained in this section is mainly based on the following Indian Standards:

IS 1080 : 1985 Code of practice for design and construction of shallow foundations in soils (other than raft, ring and shell) (second revision)

IS 1892 : 1979 Code of practice for subsurface investigation for foundations (first revision)

IS 1904 : 1986 Code of practice for design and construction of foundations in soils: General requirements (third revision)

IS 2911 Code of practice for design and construction of pile foundations

(Part 1/Sec 1): 2010 Concrete piles, Section 1 Driven cast in-situ concrete piles (second revision)

(Part 1/Sec 2): 2010 Concrete piles, Section 2 Bored cast in-situ piles (second revision)

(Part 1/Sec 3): 2010 Concrete piles, Section 3 Driven precast concrete piles (second revision)

(Part 1/Sec 4): 2010 Concrete piles, Section 4 Precast concrete piles in prebored holes (first revision)

(Part 2): 1980 Timber piles (first revision)

(Part 3): 1980 Under-reamed piles (first revision)

IS 2950(Part 1): 1981 Code of practice for design and construction of raft foundations: Part 1 Design (second revision)

All standards, whether given herein above or cross-referred to in the main text of this Section, are subject to the revision. The parties to agreement based on this Section are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards.

For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this Section is complied with, the final value, observed or calculated, expressing the result of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off in accordance with IS 2 : 1960 ‘Rules for rounding off numerical values (revised)’. The number of significant places retained in the rounded off value should be the same as that of the specified value in this Section.